Aqa Psya3 Interventions for Addiction Notes

Interventions for addiction (Key = prejudicious criticism/limitations + = positive criticism/support Biological interventions mender for diacetylmorphine Heroin addicts atomic number 18 given Methadone, which gives similar effects but is slight addictive. Their dose is soft increased to build up tolerance, then slowly decreased to wean the addict of it until the addict need nevery substance. more or less people just switch from beingness heroin addicts to Meth addicts Statistics guide more than 300 methadone related deaths in the UK in 2007 Methadone consumption is often unsupervised, which has created a black market, where addicts rear sell their doses for however ? 2 Potential drug treatments for maneuver not approved in the UK yet, but there is evidence that SSRIs (selective serotonin reup overhear inhibitors which increase serotonin= good mood) or Naltrexone (a dopamine receptor antagonist, which reduces the vantage of gambling by reducing dopamine) may be effectua l. Hollander found that gamblers hardened with SSRIs showed improvements compared to a control convocation BUT Hollanders study entirely had 10 participants a larger, longer study by Blanco et al (32 gamblers over 6 months) showed SSRI was no more utile than a placebo + Kim and Grant showed that naltrexone led to decrease in gambling thoughts and behaviours subsequently 6 weeks of treatment Intervention bias of doctors Cohen and Cohen suggest that clinicians dont believe addictions are too difficult to treat, because they only come crossways them when the addiction is too advanced to respond to treatment Psychological interventions living Sindelar did a study with addicts on methadone therapy (+ counselling). One group was rewarded both time they tested negative for drugs. By the end, the reward group had 60% more negative urine tests than the control (who werent offered rewards). + Sindelar showed it to be effective at reducing the addictive behaviour BUT Reinforcement do esnt address the underlying problems that caused the addiction in the first place, so as soon as the rewards are removed, addicts may just go foul to engaging in the same, or another addictive behaviour again (eg an alcoholic may go back to alcohol, or develop an new-made addiction for sex). The rewards would have to be paid for by the NHS, which is a habitual service funded by taxes. The general public wouldnt want their taxes being spent on giving addicts rewards CBT CBT helps people change the way they find about their addiction and learn ways of coping effectively. (eg. in gambling addiction, the addict has a cognitive error in believing they can influence the outcome of the game, CBT would correct this wrong thinking by demonstrate them that the belief is irrational) + Effective Ladoceur et al randomly allocated 66 pathologic gamblers to either a CBT group or waiting list.At the end, 86% of the treatment group were no longer classed as pathological gamblers, and had incr eased self-efficacy. + ALSO Sylvian et al looked at treatments that targeted both cognition and behaviour. Pathological gamblers were given cognitive therapy, hearty skills training and relapse measure, resulting in improvements which were maintained at a 1yr follow-up. question has tended to show that no psychological treatment to be superior, but that they are most effective when combined with pharmacological treatments. Public health interventions The NIDA (National set on Drug Abuse) StudyUS government sponsored interventions such as the NIDA Collaborative Cocaine Treatment (CCT) study are designed to interpose in the cycle of drug-related personal and social problems. + The NIDA intervention led to a reduction in cocaine use, and subsequent reductions in related behaviours (eg. exposed sex, which led to a reduction in HIV transmission) Telephone ingest Quitline Stead et al found that smokers who received repeated Quitline counselling phone calls were 50% more likely to q uit than a control who only received brief counselling. Has real-world applications Military personnel deployed overseas often take up, or increase smoking habits. Beckham et al found that combining Quitline service with nicotine replacement therapy was highly effective in treating US military veterans. barroom of youth gambling Messerlian et al proposed a prevention model ground on research into teenage pathological gambling using denormalisation, protection, prevention and harm reduction principles. (eg. programme based on prevention would take on early identification of at risk youths, and attempt to avert them from escalating towards pathological gambling. + Public health intervention in gambling is proactive and addresses a potentially devastating social issue. Research shows that problem gambling as a teen can lead to subsequently adverse outcomes, (eg. combative relationships, criminal behaviour, depression and even suicide) so early prevention is essential. (Derevensky a nd Gupta)